Tobacco, Alcohol and Family History of Cancer as Risk Factors of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case-Control Retrospective Study
Open Access
- 3 June 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in Applied Sciences
- Vol. 10 (11), 3896
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113896
Abstract
The aim of the study is to observe retrospectively the correlation between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and risk factors; including tobacco, alcohol and Family History of Cancer (FHC). A total of 478 patients were included retrospectively from the database of the Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome. A Test Group (TG) consisted of 239 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSCC. A Control Group (CG) consisted of 239 patients without history and/or diagnosis of oral cancer. The logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted Odd Ratios (ORs) associated with alcohol, tobacco and FHC; including the General Family History of Cancer (GFHC) and Family History of Head and Neck Cancer (FHHNC) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). The high rate of tobacco consumption was associated with an OR of 1.035 (95% CI 1.001–1.070) and a statistical significance (p = 0.041). Drinker patients showed a significant risk of developing OSCC (p = 0.05) and the OR was 1.035 (95% CI 1.010–1.061). The GFHC was associated with a marginal risk of OSCC with an OR of 1.095 (95% CI 0.953–1.259), without significance (p = 0.199). The FHHNC showed a notable risk increase with an OR of 1.871 (95% CI 0.902–3.882), without significance (p = 0.092). Alcohol and tobacco may be associated with an increase in the risk of OSCC.Keywords
This publication has 41 references indexed in Scilit:
- Family history of cancer, personal history of medical conditions and risk of oral cavity cancer in France: the ICARE studyBMC Cancer, 2013
- Diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortiumCancer Causes & Control, 2011
- Interaction between Tobacco and Alcohol Use and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: Pooled Analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology ConsortiumCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2009
- Family history of cancer: Pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology ConsortiumInternational Journal of Cancer, 2008
- Family history and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancerInternational Journal of Cancer, 2007
- Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosaJournal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 2007
- Human Papillomavirus Types in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Worldwide: A Systematic ReviewCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2005
- Risk of oral cancer associated with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and oral hygiene: a case-control study in Madrid, SpainOral Oncology, 2000
- Family history of cancer is a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Brazil: A case‐control studyInternational Journal of Cancer, 1995
- Systematic Population-Based Assessment of Cancer Risk in First-Degree Relatives of Cancer ProbandsJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1994