Studies on the influence of natural resource utilization by humans on foraging behavior of honey bees at rural ecosystems
- 4 March 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Vol. 28 (26), 33942-33956
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13192-2
Abstract
Human utilization of natural resources acts as a main driver in altering the ecosystem service and functions. Apart from indirect influence, these human activities also tempt for the behavioral shift in insects especially in honey bees. The foraging behavior of honey bees from the natural floral resources to the man-made food sources eventually degrade the ecosystem’s services and cause declining of the honey bee population. Understanding this foraging behavior of bees could help in opting for viable conservation measures for honey bees. In order to understand the influence of human utilization of natural resources on the foraging behavior of bees and its negative impacts on the bee population, the study was carried out in the sites where humans collect palm sap. Palm sap collectors used different containers (mud pots and pet bottles) to collect the palm sap from Borassus flabellifer. The number of containers per tree, volume of palm sap per container/tree, bee visiting frequency, and bee mortality per container/tree were measured at different ecosystems. Palm saps were collected freshly and volatile compounds of samples were identified using FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The identified volatile compounds were used to study the interaction between volatile compounds and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) of honey bees for understanding the foraging behavior of bees using in silico approach. Our results clearly showed that bee visitation frequency was directly correlated (0.94) with bee mortality in palm sap in different study sites. The average number of bee mortality was recorded as 491.2 ± 23.48 bees per container/tree/day. GC-MS analyses revealed the presence of 35 volatile compounds in collected palm sap from different study sites. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for all 35 palm volatile compounds OBPs of honey bees to analyze their binding affinities. Docking studies showed that 1-methylbutylmandelate and 6-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,4-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.0] hexan-2-ol have high binding affinity with OBP residues of bees. These volatile compounds might act as an attractant for bee populations for their foraging behavior. Based on this study, we conclude that human utilization of palm sap has created new ecological niches which highly alters the foraging behavior of bees and results in declining bee populations.Keywords
Funding Information
- Science and Engineering Research Board (YSS/2015/001345)
This publication has 39 references indexed in Scilit:
- Flower Volatiles, Crop Varieties and Bee ResponsesPLOS ONE, 2013
- The niche, biogeography and species interactionsPhilosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 2011
- Variation in highbush blueberry floral volatile profiles as a function of pollination status, cultivar, time of day and flower part: implications for flower visitation by beesAnnals of Botany, 2011
- Behavioral and Neurophysiological Study of Olfactory Perception and Learning in HoneybeesFrontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 2011
- Ecological and life-history traits predict bee species responses to environmental disturbancesBiological Conservation, 2010
- The chemical ecology and evolution of bee–flower interactions: a review and perspectivesThe present review is one in the special series of reviews on animal–plant interactions.Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2010
- Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and driversTrends in Ecology & Evolution, 2010
- Identifying and Characterizing Binding Sites and Assessing DruggabilityJournal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 2009
- The ecology and evolution of pollen odorsÖsterreichische botanische Zeitschrift, 2000
- More About Euglossine Bees in Amazonian Forest FragmentsBiotropica, 1991