Multi-Level Regulation of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression

Abstract
Opioids depress minute ventilation primarily by reducing respiratory rate. This results from direct effects on the preBotzinger Complex as well as from depression of the Parabrachial/Kalliker-Fuse Complex, which provides excitatory drive to preBotzinger Complex neurons mediating respiratory phase-switch. Opioids also depress awake drive from the forebrain and chemodrive.
Funding Information
  • HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM112960)