Molecular signatures of extracellular vesicles in oral fluids of periodontitis patients

Abstract

Objective To characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva samples from healthy/gingivitis and periodontitis patients and correlate them with clinical inflammatory periodontal parameters. Material and Method An exploratory study, including 86 subjects was conducted. Clinical and periodontal data were recorded and oral fluids samples were obtained. EVs were precipitated by ExoQuick‐TC™ and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (Nanosight™), western‐blot (WB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ELISA. Results TEM showed nanoparticles morphologically compatible with EVs and WB analysis revealed bands of specific EVs markers (CD9, TSG101, Alix) in both oral fluids of periodontitis and healthy/gingivitis subjects. The total concentration of EVs in GCF was increased in periodontitis patients compared to healthy/gingivitis subjects (p=0.017). However, we did not observe differences in the EVs concentration of saliva samples (p=0.190). The size of GCF‐EVs was 144.2nm in periodontitis and 160.35nm in healthy/gingivitis patients (p=0.038). The CD63 exosome marker was increased in GCF of periodontitis patients (p=0.00001). The total concentration of EVs in GCF was correlated with bleeding on probing (rho=0.63, p=0.002), periodontal probing depth (rho=0.56, p=0.009) and clinical attachment level (rho=0.48, p=0.030). Conclusion periodontitis patients have increased concentration of EVs in GCF and their role in periodontitis should be clarified.