Cytotoxic effect, apoptotic activity, hematological and histological alterations induced by green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles applying Hyssopus officinalis leaves

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Abstract
The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) provides interesting biological characteristics and therapeutic applications in a particular method, which evolve the versatile platform for the essential development of the new anticancer agents. Cytotoxic effect of ZnO-NPs was evaluated by MTT assay on A549 cell line. Besides, the anti-apoptotic effects of ZnO-NPs were investigated using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Histological assessment was carried out using H&E staining. Finally, complete blood count and hematological factors were analyzed on RBC, platelets, and WBC. Obtained data showed the slight cellular viability (IC50 = 37.2 after 24 h) and increased sub-G1 cell cycle arrest of A549 lung carcinoma cells under ZnO-NPs exposure, indicate the significant dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects. In vivo analysis demonstrated raise level of MCH, RBC, and WBC count. ZnO-NPs have the sufficient potential used to be as a safe efficient apoptotic inducer especially in lung cancer therapy.