In vivo biochemical investigation of spermatogenic status: 1H-MR spectroscopy of testes with nonobstructive azoospermia

Abstract
To evaluate the biochemical milieu in testes with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) by using proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in detecting differences in testicular metabolites between histological stages of NOA and in assessing the possible presence of spermatozoa before microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE).