Secondary Leukemia Associated with the Anti-Cancer Agent, Etoposide, a Topoisomerase II Inhibitor
Open Access
- 9 July 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by MDPI AG in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Vol. 9 (7), 2444-2453
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9072444
Abstract
Etoposide is an anticancer agent, which is successfully and extensively used in treatments for various types of cancers in children and adults. However, due to the increases in survival and overall cure rate of cancer patients, interest has arisen on the potential risk of this agent for therapy-related secondary leukemia. Topoisomerase II inhibitors, including etoposide and teniposide, frequently cause rearrangements involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene on chromosome 11q23, which is associated with secondary leukemia. The prognosis is extremely poor for leukemias associated with rearrangements in the MLL gene, including etoposide-related secondary leukemias. It is of great importance to gain precise knowledge of the clinical aspects of these diseases and the mechanism underlying the leukemogenesis induced by this agent to ensure correct assessments of current and future therapy strategies. Here, I will review current knowledge regarding the clinical aspects of etoposide-related secondary leukemia, some probable mechanisms, and strategies for treating etoposide-induced leukemia.Keywords
This publication has 58 references indexed in Scilit:
- Model for MLL translocations in therapy-related leukemia involving topoisomerase IIβ-mediated DNA strand breaks and gene proximityProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012
- Systematic in-vitro evaluation of the NCI/NIH Developmental Therapeutics Program Approved Oncology Drug Set for the identification of a candidate drug repertoire for MLL-rearranged leukemiaOncoTargets and Therapy, 2011
- Accelerated BEP: a phase I trial of dose-dense BEP for intermediate and poor prognosis metastatic germ cell tumourBritish Journal of Cancer, 2011
- Myeloperoxidase-Dependent Oxidation of Etoposide in Human Myeloid Progenitor CD34+CellsPublished by American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) ,2010
- ATM Modulates the Loading of Recombination Proteins onto a Chromosomal Translocation Breakpoint HotspotPLOS ONE, 2010
- Outcome after Reduced Chemotherapy for Intermediate-Risk NeuroblastomaNew England Journal of Medicine, 2010
- NK314, a Topoisomerase II Inhibitor That Specifically Targets the α IsoformJournal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
- Therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia after Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone: a report from the Children's Oncology GroupBlood, 2006
- Etoposide Metabolites Enhance DNA Topoisomerase II Cleavage near Leukemia-Associated MLL Translocation BreakpointsBiochemistry, 2001
- Relationship Between Cytotoxicity and Site-Specific DNA Recombination After In Vitro Exposure of Leukemia Cells to EtoposideJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1996