Unified picture of electron and hole relaxation pathways in semiconductor quantum dots

Abstract

Size dependent electron and hole relaxation dynamics were measured in colloidal CdSe quantum dots with state-to-state specificity. These experiments reveal the electron and hole state-to-state relaxation dynamics with a precision of $\sim 10\mathrm{fs}$, allowing quantitative evaluation of the manifold of pathways by which an exciton relaxes in strongly confined quantum dots. These experiments corroborate previously observed confinement induced femtosecond Auger relaxation channels for electrons, but with sufficient precision to quantitatively and unambiguously determine the size dependence of the Auger mechanism. These experiments also show that the hole energy loss rate increases for smaller quantum dots, contradicting known relaxation mechanisms for holes. We propose a confinement enhanced mechanism for hole relaxation in colloidal quantum dots, overcoming the predicted phonon bottleneck for holes. The relative contributions of the relaxation pathways are identified for electrons and for holes. These state selective experiments produce a unified picture of the manifold of relaxation pathways available to both electrons and holes in strongly confined colloidal quantum dots.