This paper examines the possibility that the extension of traditional family household boundaries foreshadows an expanded caregiving system as family lines grow longer. An original study of 25 four-generation families, mapping all linear and lateral members, offers findings that confirm evidence found in a literature review. One primary caregiver, either a spouse or daughter, generally shoulders responsibility for members in adversity. A caregiving system encompassing more than two generations in direct descent was not discernible. Problems in caring for the oldest old are noted.