Abstract
The statistical properties of speckle intensity fluctuations produced by completely or partially coherent light at the image plane of a diffusely transmitting object are investigated experimentally with intimate relation to its surface roughness properties. The probability distribution and average contrast of image speckle intensity fluctuations are studied as functions of the spatial coherence condition of illumination and the surface roughness properties of an object. The measurements of surface roughness from the average contrast of image speckle intensity fluctuations are discussed in some detail.