Use of Rotavirus Virus-Like Particles as Surrogates To Evaluate Virus Persistence in Shellfish

Abstract

Rotavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) and MS2 bacteriophages were bioaccumulated in bivalve mollusks to evaluate viral persistence in shellfish during depuration and relaying under natural conditions. Using this nonpathogenic surrogate virus, we were able to demonstrate that about 1 log ₁₀ of VLPs was depurated after 1 week in warm seawater (22°C). Phage MS2 was depurated more rapidly (about 2 log ₁₀ in 1 week) than were VLPs, as determined using a single-compartment model and linear regression analysis. After being relayed in the estuary under the influence of the tides, VLPs were detected in oysters for up to 82 days following seeding with high levels of VLPs (concentration range between 10 ¹⁰ and 10 ⁹ particles per g of pancreatic tissue) and for 37 days for lower contamination levels (10 ⁵ particles per g of pancreatic tissue). These data suggest that viral particles may persist in shellfish tissues for several weeks.