Differences in the Neuronal Removal of Circulating Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Abstract

Neuronal uptake is an important mechanism for the removal of norepinephrine, but its contribution to the removal of epinephrine is unknown. This study compared the neuronal removal of circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine by examination of the cardiac extractions or plasma clearances of [³H]norepinephrine and endogenous or ³H-labeled epinephrine in healthy subjects, patients with cardiovascular disorders, and subjects administered desipramine to block neuronal uptake. In rabbits the plasma clearances of [³H]epinephrine and [³H] norepinephrine by neuronal uptake and the formation of dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) from simultaneously infused [³H]norepinephrine and epinephrine were compared. In normal patients 51 ± 3% of plasma epinephrine was extracted during one pass through the coronary circulation, significantly less than the cardiac extraction of [³H]norepinephrine (78 ± 1%). In patients with cardiovascular disorders extractions of epinephrine (34 ± 3%) remained lower than those of [³H]norepinephrine (63 ± 2%). After desipramine, cardiac extraction of epinephrine was reduced to 12 ± 2% and [³H]norepinephrine to 20 ± 3%. In subjects infused simultaneously with [³H]epinephrine and [³H] norepinephrine, desipramine reduced the cardiac extraction of [³H]epinephrine by 28 ± 6%, significantly less than the 49 ± 7% reduction in [³H]norepinephrine extraction; the plasma clearance of [³H]epinephrine was reduced by 4 ± 5%, significantly less than the 20 ± 6% reduction in [³H]norepinephrine clearance. In rabbits desipramine reduced the plasma clearance of [³H] epinephrine by 18%, significantly less than the 42% reduction in [³H] norepinephrine clearance; production of DHPG from epinephrine was less than half the production of [³H]DHPG from [³H] norepinephrine. The above differences indicated that epinephrine was removed 44–64% less avidly than norepinephrine by uptake into and metabolism within sympathetic neurons.