It has been suggested that angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) is closely related to peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL). However, the clinical course of AILD-like PTCL is notoriously unpredictable. A minor portion of patients enjoyed prolonged remission with steroid-only treatments (indolent AILD) while most others died rapidly despite the use of intensive chemotherapy (aggressive AILD). Recently, it has been suggested that histological features such as the presence or absence of clear cells and convoluted cells are of high prognostic value. The validity of this observation was addressed in this study. Eighteen patients who presented between 1977 and 1994 at the National Taiwan University Hospital were retrospectively studied. There were 11 men and 7 women, with a median age of 47 years. Twelve patients had received various regimens of systemic chemotherapy, and the other 3 patients had been treated with steroids alone. Eight patients had indolent AILD and 6 aggressive AILD. The follow-up period in 4 patients was too short to be analyzed. The histopathology of these cases was divided, according to the criteria of Aozasa et al., into group I (neither cells), 4 patients; group II (only convoluted cells), 1 patient, and group III (clear cells with or without convoluted cells), 13 patients. Contrary to others, our data revealed that group III patients were doing better than group I patients. Univariate analysis of other pertinent clinical features, including sex, age, lymphadenopathy, B symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, and treatment regimens, revealed none of them to be prognostically relevant. However, patients who had achieved complete remission by steroids or other systemic chemotherapy had a significantly better prognosis than those who had not. Together, these preliminary data suggested that (1) the presence or absence of clear cells and convoluted cells failed to predict the clinical behavior; and (2) induction of complete remission by steroids or other chemotherapeutic agents is an important prognostic index.