Effects of Simulated Gravel on Hydraulic Characteristics of Overland Flow Under Varying Flow Discharges, Slope Gradients and Gravel Coverage Degrees
Open Access
- 24 December 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Scientific Reports
- Vol. 9 (1), 1-13
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56223-2
Abstract
To quantify the hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on gravel-covered slopes, eight flow discharges (Q) (8.44–122 L/min), five slope gradients (J) (2°–10°) and four gravel coverage degrees (Cr) (0–30%) were examined via a laboratory flume. The results showed that (1) gravel changed flow regime. Gravel increased the Reynolds number (Re) by 2.94–33.03%. Re were less affected by J and positively correlated with Cr and Q. Gravel decreased the Froude number (Fr) by 6.83–77.31%. Fr was positively correlated with Q and J and negatively correlated with Cr. (2) Gravel delayed the flow velocity (u) and increased the flow depth (h) and flow resistance (f). Gravel reduced u by 1.20–58.95%. u was positively correlated with Q and J and negatively correlated with Cr. Gravel increased h by 0.12–2.41 times. h was positively correlated with Q and Cr and negatively correlated with J. Gravel increased f by 0.15–18.42 times. f were less affected by J, positively correlated with Cr and negatively correlated with Q. (3) The relationships between hydraulic parameters and Q, J and Cr identified good power functions. Hydraulic parameters were mainly affected by Cr. These results can guide the ecological construction of soil and water conservation.Keywords
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