State-of-the-Art Review : The Effect of Antiplatelet Drugs, Heparin, and Preanalytical Variables on Platelet Function Detected by the Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA-100®)

Abstract

The platelet function analyzer (PFA)-100® is a newly developed instrument that provides a rapid, in vitro, quantitative measurement of platelet adhesion and aggregation in whole blood flowing through a small aperture under high shear conditions. Thirty patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and ten normal in dividuals were included in this study. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to discern the effect of combinations of antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, ticlopidine, abciximab) and heparin on the performance of the device as well as the effects of preanalytical variables, such as method of sample collection and ex vivo anticoagulants. Studies were also conducted ex amining the effect of aperture size (standard 150 μm vs. smaller 120 μm) on the ability of the device to detect the effect of antiplatelet drugs. There was no difference in mean PFA- 100® closure time with citrate versus PPACK anticoagulants or with venipuncture vs. sheath sampling. Closure times did not vary with heparin administration. Closure times were slightly longer for patients taking aspirin plus ticlopidine compared to aspirin alone (p = NS). In contrast adenosine disphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation was significantly less in patients that took aspirin plus ticlopidine vs. aspirin alone (p = .0005). In vitro, there was a dose-dependent increase in closure time for both aperture sizes with increasing abciximab concen tration. Although both cartridges showed infinite closure times at an abciximab concentration of 2.25 μg/mL, there was a slight benefit to using the 120 μm aperture cartridges at abcix imab concentrations of 1.75 to 2.0 μg/mL. In ten patients who were followed during abciximab therapy to assess the effect of aperture size, the PFA-100® was able to detect in vivo platelet inhibition by abciximab, but detection of recovery from abcix imab-induced platelet dysfunction was slightly better for the PFA-100® with the 120 μm aperture compared to the standard 150 μm aperture collagen/ADP cartridge.