Linking Local Environments and Hyperfine Shifts: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical31P and7Li Solid-State NMR Study of Paramagnetic Fe(III) Phosphates
- 5 November 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Vol. 132 (47), 16825-16840
- https://doi.org/10.1021/ja102678r
Abstract
Iron phosphates (FePO4) are among the most promising candidate materials for advanced Li-ion battery cathodes. This work reports upon a combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental and periodic density functional theory (DFT) computational study of the environments and electronic structures occurring in a range of paramagnetic Fe(III) phosphates comprising FePO4 (heterosite), monoclinic Li3Fe2(PO4)3 (anti-NASICON A type), rhombohedral Li3Fe2(PO4)3 (NASICON B type), LiFeP2O7, orthorhombic FePO4·2H2O (strengite), monoclinic FePO4·2H2O (phosphosiderite), and the dehydrated forms of the latter two phases. Many of these materials serve as model compounds relevant to battery chemistry. The 31P spin−echo mapping and 7Li magic angle spinning NMR techniques yield the hyperfine shifts of the species of interest, complemented by periodic hybrid functional DFT calculations of the respective hyperfine and quadrupolar tensors. A Curie−Weiss-based magnetic model scaling the DFT-calculated hyperfine parameters from the ferromagnetic into the experimentally relevant paramagnetic state is derived and applied, providing quantitative finite temperature values for each phase. The sensitivity of the hyperfine parameters to the composition of the DFT exchange functional is characterized by the application of hybrid Hamiltonians containing admixtures 0%, 20%, and 35% of Fock exchange. Good agreement between experimental and calculated values is obtained, provided that the residual magnetic couplings persisting in the paramagnetic state are included. The potential applications of a similar combined experimental and theoretical NMR approach to a wider range of cathode materials are discussed.Keywords
This publication has 98 references indexed in Scilit:
- Magnetic Structures of the Triphylite LiFePO4 and of Its Delithiated Form FePO4Chemistry of Materials, 2003
- A comparative structural and electrochemical study of monoclinic Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and Li3V2(PO4)3Journal of Power Sources, 2003
- New Iron(III) Phosphate Phases: Crystal Structure and Electrochemical and Magnetic PropertiesInorganic Chemistry, 2002
- A neutron diffraction study of the antiferromagnetic diphosphate LiFeP2O7Solid State Sciences, 2002
- Lithium Insertion/Extraction into/from LiMX2O7 Compositions (M = Fe, V; X = P, As) Prepared via a Solution MethodChemistry of Materials, 2002
- The source of first-cycle capacity loss in LiFePO4Journal of Power Sources, 2001
- Optimized LiFePO[sub 4] for Lithium Battery CathodesJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 2001
- A Powder Neutron Diffraction Investigation of the Two Rhombohedral NASICON Analogues: γ-Na3Fe2(PO4)3 and Li3Fe2(PO4)3Chemistry of Materials, 2000
- Mapping of Transition Metal Redox Energies in Phosphates with NASICON Structure by Lithium IntercalationJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 1997
- Phospho‐olivines as Positive‐Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium BatteriesJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 1997