DIDEMNIN B

Abstract

Didemnin B (DB) is a 7-amino-acid, cyclic polypeptide with potent (10⁻⁷-10⁻¹⁰M) antiproliferative effects in vivo and in vitro against a variety of viruses and tumor cell lines. Because lymphocyte blastogenesis is essential for many immune responses, DB appeared likely to exert immunosuppressive effects as well. Using primary cultures of murine (Balb/c) splenic mononuclear cells to evaluate this possibility, we found that DB was a potent (IC₅₀=190 ng/ml) inhibitor of lymphocyte protein synthesis, although RNA synthesis and cell viability were unaffected. However, it markedly inhibited blastogenesis stimulated by concanavalin A (IC₅₀=50 pg/ml), lipopolysaccharide (IC₅₀=50=90% inhibition at 10 pg/ml) led us to test its effects in vivo using the Simonsen parental-to-F₁ graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Treatment of graft recipients with 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg DB/kg/day for 7 days produced 51%, 40%, and 60% inhibition of splenomegally induced by the GVHR, and treatment with 0.3 mg/ kg/day on days 1, 2, 4, and 6 inhibited 71%. These data show that the in vitro inhibition of alloantigen-driven blastogenesis by DB was reproduced by in vivo treatment as well, even across major histocompatibility differences. This leads us to conclude that DB has potent immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo.