A DWT-DFT composite watermarking scheme robust to both affine transform and JPEG compression
- 4 September 2003
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
- Vol. 13 (8), 776-786
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2003.815957
Abstract
Robustness is a crucially important issue in watermarking. Robustness against geometric distortion and JPEG compression at the same time with blind extraction remains especially challenging. A blind discrete wavelet transform-discrete Fourier transform (DWT-DFT) composite image watermarking algorithm that is robust against both affine transformation and JPEG compression is proposed. The algorithm improves robustness by using a new embedding strategy, watermark structure, 2D interleaving, and synchronization technique. A spread-spectrum-based informative watermark with a training sequence is embedded in the coefficients of the LL subband in the DWT domain while a template is embedded in the middle frequency components in the DFT domain. In watermark extraction, we first detect the template in a possibly corrupted watermarked image to obtain the parameters of an affine transform and convert the image back to its original shape. Then, we perform translation registration using the training sequence embedded in the DWT domain, and, finally, extract the informative watermark. Experimental work demonstrates that the proposed algorithm generates a more robust watermark than other reported watermarking algorithms. Specifically it is robust simultaneously against almost all affine transform related testing functions in StirMark 3.1 and JPEG compression with quality factor as low as 10. While the approach is presented for gray-level images, it can also be applied to color images and video sequences.Keywords
This publication has 18 references indexed in Scilit:
- Embedding invisible information in color imagesPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2002
- A new two-dimensional interleaving technique using successive packingIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2002
- Rotation-, scaling-, and translation-robust image watermarking using Gabor kernelsPublished by SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng ,2002
- Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for imagesIEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2001
- Robust template matching for affine resistant image watermarksIEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2000
- Possible counter-attacks against random geometric distortionsPublished by SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng ,2000
- Automatic recovery of invisible image watermarks from geometrically distorted imagesPublished by SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng ,2000
- Embedding image watermarks in dc componentsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2000
- Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimediaIEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1997
- Techniques for data hidingIBM Systems Journal, 1996