THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PROTOPLASMIC CONSTITUENTS

Abstract

The author reviews both the methodology of ultrastructure detns. and the results obtained with some typical protoplasmic systems. Among direct methods, microscopy with u.-v. light and with electron beams are taken up; among indirect methods, polarization optics, X-ray and electron diffraction, and interference methods with the visible or near-visible spectrum. The protoplasmic systems considered are muscle fibers, cilia, astral and spindle fibers, chromosomes, the myelin sheath of nerve, and cell and nuclear membranes.