Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Activation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells by Deoxynucleic Acids fromCandida albicans
Open Access
- 1 July 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Infection and Immunity
- Vol. 77 (7), 3056-3064
- https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00840-08
Abstract
The innate immune system of humans recognizes the human pathogenic fungusCandida albicansvia sugar polymers present in the cell wall, such as mannan and β-glucan. Here, we examined whether nucleic acids fromC. albicansactivate dendritic cells.C. albicansDNA induced interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) production and CD40 expression by murine bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BM-DCs) in a dose-dependent manner. BM-DCs that lacked Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and dectin-1, which are pattern recognition receptors for fungal cell wall components, produced IL-12p40 at levels comparable to the levels produced by BM-DCs from wild-type mice, and DNA from aC. albicans pmr1Δ null mutant, which has a gross defect in mannosylation, retained the ability to activate BM-DCs. This stimulatory effect disappeared completely after DNase treatment. In contrast, RNase treatment increased production of the cytokine. A similar reduction in cytokine production was observed when BM-DCs from TLR9−/−and MyD88−/−mice were used. In a luciferase reporter assay, NF-κB activation was detected in TLR9-expressing HEK293T cells stimulated withC. albicansDNA. Confocal microscopic analysis showed similar localization ofC. albicansDNA and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in BM-DCs. Treatment ofC. albicansDNA with methylase did not affect its ability to induce IL-12p40 synthesis, whereas the same treatment completely eliminated the ability of CpG-ODN to induce IL-12p40 synthesis. Finally, impaired clearance of this fungal pathogen was not found in the kidneys of TLR9−/−mice. These results suggested thatC. albicansDNA activated BM-DCs through a TLR9-mediated signaling pathway using a mechanism independent of the unmethylated CpG motif.Keywords
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