Proposed Effective Width Criteria for Composite Bridge Girders

Abstract

In a composite section, in-plane shear strain in the slab (acting as a flange in the composite girder) under the applied bending causes the longitudinal displacements in the parts of the slab remote from the webs to lag behind those near the webs. This phenomenon, termed shear-lag, can result in an incorrect calculation of the displacement and extreme fiber stresses when using only the elementary theory of beam bending. The effective width concept has been introduced, widely recognized, and implemented into different codes of practice around the world as a simplified practical method for design and evaluation of structural strength and stiffness while accounting for shear-lag effects indirectly. Each code implements different ideas and approaches for specifying effective width. This paper proposes simpler and more versatile design criteria for computing the effective width $\left(b_{\mathrm{eff}}\right)$ in steel-concrete composite bridges. A parametric study was conducted based on finite-element analysis of bridges selected by a statistical method—namely, design of experiment concepts. Both simple-span and multiple-span continuous bridges were considered in the parametric study. The finite-element methodology was validated with companion experiments on 1/4- and 1/2-scale specimens. Effective width values at the critical sections were computed from stresses extracted from FEM models and used in developing candidate design equations. The final design criteria were selected based on assessment of impact of candidate equations. Use of full width—the most versatile, simplest, and sufficiently accurate effective width design criteria, is proposed for both positive and negative moment regions.