2014–2015 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States by Vaccine Type
Open Access
- 4 October 2016
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Vol. 63 (12), 1564-1573
- https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw635
Abstract
Circulating A/H3N2 influenza viruses drifted significantly after strain selection for the 2014–2015 vaccines. Also in 2014–2015, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended preferential use of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) over inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) among children aged 2–8 years. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) across age groups and vaccine types was examined among outpatients with acute respiratory illness at 5 US sites using a test-negative design, that compared the odds of vaccination among reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza positives and negatives. Of 9311 enrollees with complete data, 7078 (76%) were influenza negative, 1840 (19.8%) were positive for influenza A (A/H3N2, n = 1817), and 395 (4.2%) were positive for influenza B (B/Yamagata, n = 340). The overall adjusted VE was 19% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10% to 27%) and was statistically significant in all age strata except those aged 18–64 years. The adjusted VE of 6% (95%CI, −5% to 17%) against A/H3N2-associated illness was not statistically significant, unlike VE for influenza B/Yamagata, which was 55% (95%CI, 43% to 65%). Among those aged 2–8 years, VE against A/H3N2 was 15% (95%CI, −16% to 38%) for IIV and −3% (CI, −50% to 29%) for LAIV; VE against B/Yamagata was 40% (95%CI, −20% to 70%) for IIV and 74% (95%CI, 25% to 91%) for LAIV. The 2014–2015 influenza vaccines offered little protection against the predominant influenza A/H3N2 virus but were effective against influenza B. Preferential use of LAIV among young children was not supported.Keywords
Funding Information
- CDC
- University of Michigan (U01 IP000474)
- Group Health Research Institute (U01 IP000466)
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation (U01 IP000471)
- University of Pittsburgh (U01 IP000467)
- Baylor Scott and White Health (U01 IP000473)
- NIH (UL1 RR024153, UL1TR000005)
- University of Pittsburgh
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