STEROID HORMONES AND THEIR BINDING IN PLASMA OF MALE PATIENTS WITH FATTY LIVER, CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Abstract

Oestrone (E₁), oestradiol (E₂), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A) and cortisol (F) as well as LH and the percentage of binding of E₁, E₂, T and F in plasma were measured and compared in normal young and old male subjects and in male patients with fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. The alterations seen were most marked in the cirrhotic patients, but were partially also found in patients with fatty liver and in normal old subjects: a definite increase in E₁, a smaller increase in E₂, a decrease in T and a rise in LH. F remained unchanged. The ratios of E₂/T and E₁/T were higher in cirrhotic patients than in healthy young subjects. As the percentage of bound T in plasma rose, the oestrogen/androgen imbalance was greater in patients with liver disease and in old subjects than the ratio of total hormone plasma concentration indicates. The biological relevance of the extremely high E₁ plasma concentrations in patients with cirrhosis of the liver is not known. It is suggested that the combination of elevated E₁ and E₂ and reduced T, which is strongly bound by increased sexual hormone binding globulin (SHBG) may be responsible for gynaecomastia and hypogonadism in chronic liver diseases. As similar alterations of steroid plasma concentrations and their binding to plasma proteins are found both in patients with liver disease and in old men, these changes may be caused by the same mechanism: namely an altered liver function.