Symptoms, self-efficacy, and physical activity among individuals with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Using social‐cognitive theory, we examined the associations among symptoms, self‐efficacy, and physical activity in 196 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Participants completed symptoms, self‐efficacy, and physical activity measures and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. There was a moderate inverse correlation between symptoms and physical activity (φ = −.42). Subsequent analyses indicated that symptoms had direct negative relationships with self‐efficacy (γ = −.32) and physical activity (γ = −.24), and self‐efficacy had a direct positive relationship with physical activity (β = .57). This study provides initial support for symptoms as a correlate of physical activity in individuals with MS. Monitoring symptoms during a physical activity program and altering the exercise prescription during symptom exacerbation might be a method for increasing exercise adherence. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 29: 597–606, 2006