Seminal Plasma: An Essential Attribute to Spermatozoa

Abstract

The biochemical composition of seminal plasma (SP) is very complex and variable among species. Advances in reproductive technologies reveal SP as a nutritive-protective medium for sperm cells suspended in it and some of SP components are very important for sperm metabolism, as well as, sperm function, survival and transport in the female reproductive tract. Biochemistry of SP is a relatively modern, but rapidly expanding field of research, particularly the biological significance of various bio-chemical constituents of SP. However, the identification of active factors in SP and mechanisms by which they act, are not sufficiently understood in different species. Especially in camelids, the origin, composition and function of the viscous component of SP remain a mystery and only some biochemical, morphological characteristic of SP have been described. This review focuses on our current understandings of physiological and biochemical properties of SP in ruminants and camelids