The NASA Smart Probe employs multiple microsensors, together with fuzzy logic and neural networks, to provide a unique tissue "signature" in real time. We here review the Smart Probe concept and summarize early data from small animal studies on tissue identification. Recent clinical information gathered from women undergoing biopsy for suspected breast cancer by the NASA licensee, BioLuminate Inc., is also presented. The sensors employed in the Smart Probe for breast cancer include electrical impedance and optical spectroscopy (both broadband or white light, and laser light (infrared and blue/fluorescence)). Data are acquired 100 times per second; a typical breast "biopsy" typically generates 500 MB of data. The multiparameter breast cancer probe-one millimeter in diameter-can clearly differentiate normal breast, benign lesions, and breast carcinoma.