In order to evaluate physician response to the reorganization of a traditional medical clinic into a group practice model, a randomized controlled trial was conducted using equivalent groups of patients and physicians. The group practice model, unlike the traditional clinic, provided decentralized registration, 5 days/week clinic coverage, and night/weekend phone coverage. Residents worked in small groups with an attending physician, nurse practitioner, staff nurse, and receptionist. A panel of 50 medical residents was interviewed prior to the reorganization and 1 year later. Residents in the experimental groups perceived improvements in the ancillary staff, placed a higher value on informal discussion of patient management problems, and were more satisfied with the outpatient experience. Moreover, residents in the group practices were more likely to voluntarily schedule additional clinic sessions to accommodate their patients. No change was noted in their career choices. We conclude that reorganization of a traditional medical clinic into a group practice model can result in increased physician satisfaction although it may not have a major impact on long-term career goals.