Characterization of a Single-Cycle Rabies Virus-Based Vaccine Vector
- 15 March 2010
- journal article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Journal of Virology
- Vol. 84 (6), 2820-2831
- https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01870-09
Abstract
Recombinant rabies virus (RV)-based vectors have demonstrated their efficacy in generating long-term, antigen-specific immune responses in murine and monkey models. However, replication-competent viral vectors pose significant safety concerns due to vector pathogenicity. RV pathogenicity is largely attributed to its glycoprotein (RV-G), which facilitates the attachment and entry of RV into host cells. We have developed a live, single-cycle RV by deletion of the G gene from an RV vaccine vector expressing HIV-1 Gag (SPBN-ΔG-Gag). Passage of SPBN-ΔG-Gag on cells stably expressing RV-G allowed efficient propagation of the G-deleted RV. Thein vivoimmunogenicity data comparing single-cycle RV to a replication-competent control (BNSP-Gag) showed lower RV-specific antibodies; however, the overall isotype profiles (IgG2a/IgG1) were similar for the two vaccine vectors. Despite this difference, mice immunized with SPBN-ΔG-Gag and BNSP-Gag mounted similar levels of Gag-specific CD8+T-cell responses as measured by major histocompatibility complex class I Gag-tetramer staining, gamma interferon-enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and cytotoxic T-cell assay. Moreover, these cellular responses were maintained equally at immunization titers as low as 103focus-forming units for both RV vaccine vectors. CD8+T-cell responses were significantly enhanced by a boost with a single-cycle RV complemented with a heterologous vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. These findings demonstrate that single-cycle RV is an effective alternative to replication-competent RV vectors for future development of vaccines for HIV-1 and other infectious diseases.Keywords
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