Piezoelectric and strain properties of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 ceramics

Abstract

The polarization and strain behavior of $\mathrm{Ba}({\mathrm{Ti}}_{\text{1−x}}{\mathrm{Zr}}_x){\mathrm{O}}_3$ $\text{(x=0–0.3)}$ ceramics are studied. The unipolar strain levels of ∼0.18% at 40 kV/cm and of ∼0.25% at ∼120 kV/cm with small hysteresis were obtained for the ceramics with $\text{0.03⩽x⩽0.08.}$ The remnant polarization is ∼13–18 μC/cm² for $\text{0.03⩽x⩽0.08}$ and below 2 μC/cm² for $\text{0.15⩽x⩽0.3}$ at room temperature. The electromechanical coupling coefficient $K_{33}\text{=56.5\%}$ and the piezoelectric stain coefficient $d_{33}\text{=236\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{pC/N}$ were obtained for the ceramics with $\text{x=0.05.}$ These results indicated that the $\mathrm{Ba}({\mathrm{Ti}}_{\text{1−x}}{\mathrm{Zr}}_x){\mathrm{O}}_3$ system is a promising lead-free high strain material for applications.