Cadmium in Pilzen

Abstract

The cadmium content of 402 species of wild mushrooms was determined by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. Altogether 1049 samples, grown mainly, in southern Germany, were tested. The cadmium content was between < 0,1 and 120 mg/kg dry weight, equivalent to < 0,01 and 10,8 mg/kg fresh weight. Samples with low cadmium content were predominant: 68% of the samples contained < 2 mg/kg dry weight, 86.5% contained < 5 mg/kg dry weight, equivalent to about < 0,2 and < 0,5 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively. The cadmium content was clearly species-dependent, and to a lesser extent genus-dependent. Samples containing more than 10 mg/kg dry weight occured in 41 species, among these were 9Tricholomataceae, 10Agaricaceae, 11Cortinariaceae, 3Amanitas and 4Russula species. Samples containing more than 50 mg/kg dry weight were found inAgaricus augustus, A perrarus, A. silvicola, A. macrosporus, A. maleolens, andInocybe bongardii. In single fruiting-bodies the lowest cadmium content was found in the stem, whereas the highest content was found in the gills and tubes. Cadmium content of the gills was at most five times the amount present in the cup. In cadmium-rich mushrooms a marked concentration as compared with the cadmium content of the soil had occured. Der Cadmiumgehalt von 402 Arten (1049 Proben) wildgewachsener Pilze lag zwischen < 0,1 and 120 mg/kg Trockengewicht, entsprechend < 0,01 and 10,8 mg/kg Frischpilz. Cadmiumarme Proben ilberwogen: 68% enthielten < 2 mg/kg Trockengewicht, 86,5% < 5 mg/kg Trockengewicht, entsprechend ca. < 0,2 and < 0,5 mg/kg Frischpilz. Der Cadmiumgehalt war eindeutig species- and auch gattungsabhängig. Proben mit mehr als 10 mg/kg Trockengewicht kamen bei 41 Arten vor, darunter 9Tricholomataceae, 10Agaricaceae, 11Cortinariaceae, 3Amanita-und 4Russula-Arten. Proben mit mehr als 50 mg/kg Trockengewicht kamen vor beiAgaricus augustus, A. perrarus, A. silvicola, A. macrosporus, A. maleolens undInocybe bongardii. Im einzelnen Fruchtkörper war der Cadmiumgehalt am niedersten im Stiel, am höchsten in den Lamellen bzw. der Röhrenschicht. Lamellen enthielten maximal 5mal so viel Cadmium wie das Hutfleisch. Bei cadmiumreichen Pilzen bestand eine erhebliche Anreicherung gegenüber dem Boden.