Evidence for Exploitative Interspecific Competition in Mud Snails (Hydrobiidae)

Abstract

Some of the basic assumptions implied in the theory of limiting similarity of coexisting competitors were investigated experimentally in the case of 3 congeneric, deposit feeding snails [Hydrobia ventrosa, H. ulvae, H. neglecta]. The species show character displacement with respect to size when coexisting. In experimental containers with a natural substrate, interspecific, exploitative competition between snails of the same size range is as intense as intraspecific competition. Diatoms of a given size range, which constitute the most important food, show a logistic growth response to grazing and individual growth of the snails is linearly related to diatom density. The previous observation that the snails show size dependent selection for ingested particle sizes is extended to show that this mechanism leads to a real resource partitioning between snails of different sizes. Size frequency distribution of diatoms in the sediment is a function of the sizes of grazing snails. Size selection of ingested sand grains may also be significant for resource partitioning since the migration rate of the attached microflora between sand grains seems to be slow relative to its growth on the individual sand grains.