CXCR7 Targeting and Its Major Disease Relevance
Open Access
- 21 June 2018
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Vol. 9, 641
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00641
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are the target of small peptide chemokines. They play various important roles in physiological and pathological processes. CXCR7, later renamed ACKR3, is a non-classical seven transmembrane-spanning receptor whose function as a signaling or non-signaling scavenger/decoy receptor is currently under debate. Even for cell signaling mechanisms, there has been inconsistency on whether CXCR7 couples to G-proteins or β-arrestins. Several reasons may contribute to this uncertainty or controversy. In one hand, it has been neglected that CXCR7 has more than five natural ligands and unfortunately, most of the prior research only studied SDF-1 (CXCL12) and/or I-TAC (CXCL11); on the other hand, there are mounting evidence supporting ligand and tissue bias for receptor signaling, but limited such information is available for CXCR7. In this review we focus on summarizing the endogenous and exogenous ligands of CXCR7, the main diseases related to CXCR7 and the biased signaling events happening on CXCR7. These three aspects of CXCR7 pharmacologic properties may explain why the contradicting opinions of whether CXCR7 is a signaling or non-signaling receptor exist. Further, potential new direction and perspective for the study of CXCR7 biology and pharmacology are highlighted.Keywords
This publication has 161 references indexed in Scilit:
- CXCR7 is induced by hypoxia and mediates glioma cell migration towards SDF-1αBMC Cancer, 2013
- Scavenging of CXCL12 by CXCR7 promotes tumor growth and metastasis of CXCR4-positive breast cancer cellsOncogene, 2012
- miRNA regulation of Sdf1 chemokine signaling provides genetic robustness to germ cell migrationNature Genetics, 2011
- The chemokine receptor CXCR7 functions to regulate cardiac valve remodelingDevelopmental Dynamics, 2011
- A functional heteromeric MIF receptor formed by CD74 and CXCR4FEBS Letters, 2009
- Adrenomedullin stabilizes the lymphatic endothelial barrier in vitro and in vivoPeptides, 2008
- Orchestrating the orchestrators: chemokines in control of T cell trafficNature Immunology, 2008
- CXCR7 (RDC1) promotes breast and lung tumor growth in vivo and is expressed on tumor-associated vasculatureProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007
- Disrupted cardiac development but normal hematopoiesis in mice deficient in the second CXCL12/SDF-1 receptor, CXCR7Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007
- Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar developmentNature, 1998