Two-factor learning theory reconsidered, with special reference to secondary reinforcement and the concept of habit.

Abstract

Two-factor learning theory is re-examined in the light of research on secondary reinforcement and the proprioceptive control of behavior. The result is a modification of the position which makes it more compatible with field-type theories than before. The concept of habit is given a new meaning which makes it more like positive feedback than a motive-behavior bond. The article concludes with some criticisms of the position and possible resolutions of them.