A Review of Ten Years of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) from 2002 to 2011
Open Access
- 31 October 2013
- journal article
- review article
- Published by MDPI AG in Pharmaceuticals
- Vol. 6 (11), 1335-1346
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ph6111335
Abstract
Surveillance of antimicrobial agent resistance provides important information to guide microbiologists and infectious disease specialists understanding of the control and the spread of resistance mechanisms within the local environment. Continued monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the community and in local hospital environments is essential to guide effective empiric therapy. The Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) has monitored the in vitro susceptibility patterns of clinical Gram-negative bacilli to antimicrobial agents collected worldwide from intra-abdominal infections since 2002 and urinary tract infections since 2009. Resistance trends, with a particular focus on carbapenem resistance and the rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), were analyzed. Isolates from intra-abdominal infections (n = 92,086) and urinary-tract infections (n = 24,705) were collected and tested using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods. This review presents carbapenem susceptibility and ESBL rates over ten years of SMART study analysis, including key publications during this period. The SMART study has proved to be a valuable resource in determining pathogen prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility over the last ten years and continues to provide evidence for regulatory susceptibility breakpoints and clinical decision making.Keywords
This publication has 21 references indexed in Scilit:
- Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases, AmpC β-Lactamases, and Carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Causing Intra-Abdominal Infections in the Asia-Pacific Region: Results of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART)Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2013
- Surveillance Programmes and Antibiotic Resistance: Worldwide and Regional Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance TrendsHandbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 2012
- Using Nucleic Acid Microarrays To Perform Molecular Epidemiology and Detect Novel β-Lactamases: a Snapshot of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases throughout the WorldJournal of Clinical Microbiology, 2012
- Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Intra-Abdominal Infections and Molecular Characterization of Ertapenem-Resistant IsolatesAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2011
- Increasing prevalence and dissemination of NDM-1 metallo- -lactamase in India: data from the SMART study (2009)Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2011
- Early Dissemination of NDM-1- and OXA-181-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Indian Hospitals: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2006-2007Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2011
- Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological studyThe Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2010
- In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli from patients with intra-abdominal infections worldwide from 2005–2007: results from the SMART studyInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2009
- Characterization of a New Metallo-beta-Lactamase Gene, bla(NDM-1), and a Novel Erythromycin Esterase Gene Carried on a Unique Genetic Structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 14 from IndiaAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009
- The Alexander Project: the benefits from a decade of surveillanceJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2005