Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Potential Mechanisms Linking the Two Conditions
- 1 July 2013
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Cardiology in Review
- Vol. 21 (4), 196-202
- https://doi.org/10.1097/crd.0b013e318279e907
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease (CAD), are the leading causes of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is a high prevalence of common risk factors in the COPD/CAD patient population including smoking, sedentary lifestyle and low socio-economic status. However, various studies have shown that airflow limitation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and increased platelet activation have been widely reported to be pathophysiological links between COPD and atherosclerosis. Statins and inhaled corticosteroids have been investigated as potential therapeutic interventions in COPD that may lower cardiovascular risk. The goals of this review are to examine the evidence for increased cardiovascular risk in COPD patients, the possible mechanisms linking these two chronic conditions, to discuss possible predictors or markers of poor outcomes among patients diagnosed with both COPD and CAD, and the therapeutic options aimed at reducing cardiovascular risks associated with COPD.Keywords
This publication has 72 references indexed in Scilit:
- Myocardial infarction and other co-morbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Danish Nationwide Study of 7.4 million individualsEuropean Heart Journal, 2011
- High Prevalence of Undiagnosed Airflow Limitation in Patients With Cardiovascular DiseaseChest, 2010
- Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPDEuropean Respiratory Journal, 2008
- Mechanisms of atherothrombosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseInternational Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2008
- Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Saskatchewan CanadaAnnals of Epidemiology, 2006
- Trends and Cardiovascular Co-morbidities of COPD Patients in the Veterans Administration Medical System, 1991–1999COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2005
- Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysisThorax, 2004
- Why Are Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases?Cell Metabolism, 2003
- Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analysesBMJ, 2000
- Co-morbidity contributes to predict mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEuropean Respiratory Journal, 1997