External oxidant-free electrooxidative [3 + 2] annulation between phenol and indole derivatives

Abstract

Intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation is one of the most straightforward approaches to construct five membered heterocycles. However, it generally requires the use of functionalized substrates. An ideal reaction approach is to achieve dehydrogenative [3 + 2] annulation under oxidant-free conditions. Here we show an electrooxidative [3 + 2] annulation between phenols and N-acetylindoles under undivided electrolytic conditions. Neither external chemical oxidants nor metal catalysts are required to facilitate the dehydrogenation processes. This reaction protocol provides an environmentally friendly way for the selective synthesis of benzofuroindolines. Various N-acetylindoles bearing different C-3 and C-2 substituents are suitable in this electrochemical transformation, furnishing corresponding benzofuroindolines in up to 99% yield.