Nosocomial Bacteremia

Abstract

During a six-month period, 187 inpatients had bacteremia associated with community-acquired infection and 91 patients had bacteremia from a nosocomial infection. The most frequently identified sites of infection in both types of bacteremia were the respiratory and urinary tracts.Escherichia coliandDiplococcus pneumoniaewere the organisms most frequently isolated from cultures of patients with community-acquired bacteremia, andE coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andKlebsiellawere most frequently isolated from patients with nosocomial bacteremia. Bacteremic nosocomial infections were related to urinary catheters, respiratory and intravenous therapy, or hyperalimentation in 32 of the 91 cases. Even assuming the unproved hypotheses that rigid adherence to current guidelines would prevent all of these procedure-related cases, 59 cases of bacteremia would still have occurred. This emphasizes the need for further research into prevention of nosocomial infection. (JAMA237:2727-2729, 1977)