Dual disease resistance mediated by the immune receptor Cf-2 in tomato requires a common virulence target of a fungus and a nematode
- 6 June 2012
- journal article
- Published by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Vol. 109 (25), 10119-10124
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202867109
Abstract
Plants lack the seemingly unlimited receptor diversity of a somatic adaptive immune system as found in vertebrates and rely on only a relatively small set of innate immune receptors to resist a myriad of pathogens. Here, we show that disease-resistant tomato plants use an efficient mechanism to leverage the limited nonself recognition capacity of their innate immune system. We found that the extracellular plant immune receptor protein Cf-2 of the red currant tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) has acquired dual resistance specificity by sensing perturbations in a common virulence target of two independently evolved effectors of a fungus and a nematode. The Cf-2 protein, originally identified as a monospecific immune receptor for the leaf mold fungus Cladosporium fulvum, also mediates disease resistance to the root parasitic nematode Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1-Mierenbos. The Cf-2-mediated dual resistance is triggered by effector-induced perturbations of the apoplastic Rcr3(pim) protein of S. pimpinellifolium. Binding of the venom allergen-like effector protein Gr-VAP1 of G. rostochiensis to Rcr3(pim) perturbs the active site of this papain-like cysteine protease. In the absence of the Cf-2 receptor, Rcr3(pim) increases the susceptibility of tomato plants to G. rostochiensis, thus showing its role as a virulence target of these nematodes. Furthermore, both nematode infection and transient expression of Gr-VAP1 in tomato plants harboring Cf-2 and Rcr3(pim) trigger a defense-related programmed cell death in plant cells. Our data demonstrate that monitoring host proteins targeted by multiple pathogens broadens the spectrum of disease resistances mediated by single plant immune receptors.Keywords
This publication has 41 references indexed in Scilit:
- Of PAMPs and Effectors: The Blurred PTI-ETI DichotomyPlant Cell, 2011
- An Effector-Targeted Protease Contributes to Defense against Phytophthora infestans and Is under Diversifying Selection in Natural HostsPlant Physiology, 2010
- Activation of an Arabidopsis Resistance Protein Is Specified by the in Planta Association of Its Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain with the Cognate Oomycete EffectorPlant Cell, 2010
- Apoplastic effectors secreted by two unrelated eukaryotic plant pathogens target the tomato defense protease Rcr3Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009
- TheCladosporium fulvumVirulence Protein Avr2 Inhibits Host Proteases Required for Basal DefensePlant Cell, 2008
- Fungal Effector Protein AVR2 Targets Diversifying Defense-Related Cys Proteases of TomatoPlant Cell, 2008
- The plant immune systemNature, 2006
- APhytophthora infestansCystatin-Like Protein Targets a Novel Tomato Papain-Like Apoplastic ProteasePlant Physiology, 2006
- Direct protein interaction underlies gene-for-gene specificity and coevolution of the flax resistance genes and flax rust avirulence genesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006
- Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infectionNature, 2001