The physical state of implanted tungsten in copper

Abstract
The physical state of W implanted in Cu has been studied by 4He+ ion channeling and transmission electron microscopy. At implant concentrations ≲1 at.%, W is in solid solution but may form elemental bcc precipitates on annealing to ≳450 °C. For implant concentrations of ∼10 at.%, a disordered layer of Cu and W is formed with the W occupying no regular lattice sites; on annealing W precipitates are formed with dimensions of a few hundred angstroms.

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