Effects of exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent infection with Mannheima haemolytica on clinical signs and immune variables: Model for bovine respiratory disease via viral and bacterial interaction1,2
- 1 June 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Animal Science
- Vol. 88 (6), 2166-2178
- https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2005
Abstract
The objective was to determine effects of an intratracheal Mannheimia haemolytica challenge after 72-h exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b (BVDV1b) persistently infected (PI) calves on serum antibody production, white blood cell count (WBC), cytokine concentrations, and blood gases in feedlot steers. Twenty-four steers (initial BW = 314 ± 31 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments (6 steers/treatment) arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial. Treatments were 1) steers not exposed to steers PI with BVDV nor challenged with M. haemolytica (control; CON); 2) steers exposed to 2 steers PI with BVDV for 72 h (BVD); 3) steers intratracheally challenged with M. haemolytica (MH); and 4) steers exposed to 2 steers PI with BVDV for 72 h and challenged with M. haemolytica (BVD+MH). There were 12 h between exposure to PI steers and challenge with M. haemolytica. Rectal temperature was increased (P < 0.001) for MH and BVD+MH during the initial 24 h after the M. haemolytica challenge. For MH and BVD+MH, total WBC count was increased (P < 0.01) at 36 h post M. haemolytica challenge compared with CON, whereas in BVD steers, WBC count was decreased (P < 0.01). Total lymphocyte count was increased (P = 0.004) during the initial 72 h post BVDV exposure for the BVD and BVD+MH groups compared with MH and CON, and this difference remained at 96 h post M. haemolytica challenge. An increased (P < 0.001) total neutrophil count was observed during the initial 36 h for the MH group and at 72 h for the BVD+MH challenge group. Interleukin 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in BVD steers than steers not exposed to BVDV, and interferon γ, IL-1β, and TNFα were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in MH steers than in steers not challenged with M. haemolytica. There were BVD × MH interactions (P ≤ 0.04) for plasma carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and sodium bicarbonate concentrations. Challenge with M. haemolytica decreased carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and sodium bicarbonate concentrations to a greater extent when steers were not exposed to PI steers compared with steers exposed to BVDV. We conclude that the challenge model was successful at inducing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated with BVDV and M. haemolytica. Understanding the physiological changes in morbid animals will lead to improved strategies for decreasing severity and economic losses associated with BRD. Copyright © 2010. American Society of Animal Science .Keywords
Funding Information
- Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
This publication has 40 references indexed in Scilit:
- Plasma metabolites of receiving heifers and the relationship between apparent bovine respiratory disease, body weight gain, and carcass characteristics1Journal of Animal Science, 2009
- Effects of commingling beef calves from different sources and weaning protocols during a forty-two-day receiving period on performance and bovine respiratory disease1,2Journal of Animal Science, 2008
- Effects of dietary energy source and level and injection of tilmicosin phosphate on immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged beef steers1,2Journal of Animal Science, 2008
- Characterization of protection against systemic infection and disease from experimental bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 infection by use of a modified-live noncytopathic type 1 vaccine in calvesAmerican Journal of Veterinary Research, 2007
- Changes in Peripheral Blood Leucocyte Counts and Subpopulations after Experimental Infection with BVDV and/orMannheimia haemolyticaJournal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 2005
- Interferon-γ: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functionsJournal of Leukocyte Biology, 2003
- Validation and Prognostic Value of Plasma Lactate Measurement in Bovine Respiratory DiseaseThe Veterinary Journal, 2000
- Serum antibody responses of cattle to iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella haemolytica A1Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 1995
- INTERLEUKIN-1 AND INTERLEUKIN-1 ANTAGONISM IN SEPSIS, SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME, AND SEPTIC SHOCKShock, 1995
- Immunity to bovine virus diarrhoea virus in calves: the role of different T-cell subpopulations analysed by specific depletion in vivo with monoclonal antibodiesVeterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 1992