Abstract
The 2008 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience was awarded to Dr. Sumio Iijima for his contributions in the field of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale wires with well-defined and atomically smooth surfaces that exhibit remarkable properties. Great progress has been made in the field of 1-D nanostructures, including carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanowires, in terms of synthesis, characterization, and technological applications, some of which are summarized in this article.