The first objective was to determine the associated sensitivity (true positives) and specificity (false positives) associated with the use of waist circumference (WC) to predict specific visceral adipose tissue (VAT) levels. Because WC is a strong correlate of VAT, and, a WC of 100 cm and a VAT area of 130 cm2 (L4-L5) have been suggested as thresholds for increased disturbances in insulin-glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity when using a WC of 100 cm to identify a VAT of 130 cm2 or greater. A second objective was to evaluate the effects of diet and exercise induced weight loss on VAT and WC to establish the utility of using WC to follow reductions in VAT.