At room temperature Na4P2O7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 9.367(5), b = 5.390(2), c = 13.480(8) Å, and z = 4. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares using 1337 reflections measured with a Syntex Automatic diffractometer. The final R value is 0.022. The anion has nearly an eclipsed configuration with a P—O—P angle of 127.5(1)°. The two bridging P—O bond lengths are 1.631(2) and 1.642(2) Å with terminal P—O bond lengths averages of 1.512 and 1.514 Å on either side of the anion. Two of the four Na+ ions are coordinated to five oxygen atoms while the remainder are coordinated to six oxygen atoms. The structure contains chains of cations with four nearly collinear Na+ per cell paralleling the c axis. These are surrounded by six anions with the bridging oxygen atoms lying approximately at the corners of an octahedron with the P—P vector of the anion also paralleling the c axis. Adjacent anions along the c axis are separated by a pair of Na+ ions.