Species distribution of non-group D alpha-hemolytic streptococci in maternal genital and neonatal blood cultures

Abstract

At Jefferson Davis Hospital, Houston, Texas, [USA], since 1979, nongroup D .alpha.-hemolytic streptococci have been isolated with increasing frequency from neonatal blood cultures with clinical findings of sepsis. A total of 47 such isolates were identified to the species level by the scheme of Facklam and were compared with 57 genital isolates from 167 maternity patients. Among the genital isolates, Streptococcus sanguis II and S. MG-S. intermedius accounted for 53 and 28%, respecitvely; both were significantly less common in neonatal cultures (23 and 11%, respectively; P < 0.05). Among neonatal isolates, S. mitis was the single most frequent species (35%), in contrast to its rare occurrence in maternal cultures (3.4%; P < 0.001). The disparity between the prevalence of S. mitis in neonatal compared with maternal cultures suggests that this species of non-group D .alpha.-hemolytic streptococci may have increased virulence in neonatal hosts.