A hierarchical image authentication watermark with improved localization and security
- 13 November 2002
- conference paper
- conference paper
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- p. 502-505
- https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2001.958538
Abstract
Several fragile watermarking schemes presented in the literature are either vulnerable to vector quantization (VQ) counterfeiting attacks or sacrifice localization accuracy to improve security. Us- ing a hierarchical structure, we propose a method that thwarts the VQ attack while sustaining the superior localization properties of blockwise independent watermarking methods. In particular, we propose dividing the image into blocks in a multi-level hierarchy and calculating block signatures in this hierarchy. While signa- tures of small blocks on the lowest level of the hierarchy ensure superior accuracy of tamper localization, higher level block signa- tures provide increasing resistance to VQ attacks. At the top level, a signature calculated using the whole image completely thwarts the counterfeiting attack. Moreover, "sliding window" searches through the hierarchy enable the verification of untampered re- gions after an image has been cropped.Keywords
This publication has 2 references indexed in Scilit:
- Secret and public key authentication watermarking schemes that resist vector quantization attackPublished by SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng ,2000
- Counterfeiting attacks on oblivious block-wise independent invisible watermarking schemesIEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2000