A random series of 20 women, aged 22-50 years, mothers of mongoloid children, presented 24-hr. urine samples from the 1st half and 2d half of the menstrual cycle. These were compared to mean values from 120 clinically normal women between the ages of 18-48 years. Statistically significant (p<0.001) differences between mothers of mongoloid children and controls were found in the dehydro-epiandrosterone fraction (0.67 mg/day versus 0.36 mg/day for controls) and the tetrazolium salt-reducing corticoid fraction (7.3 mg/day versus 3.3 mg/day for controls). No differences were observed in neutral 17-ketosteroid or 17-ketosteroidogenic steroids.