The effects of torbafylline on the prevention of and the recovery from 5 weeks of hindlimb suspension induced atrophy were analyzed in rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Muscle alterations were investigated by determining a suite of electrophysiological, histochemical, and muscle ultrastructural characteristics. Administration of torbafylline during the suspension period was ineffective in preventing any of the observed muscle atrophic changes. Application of torbafylline during the recovery period resulted in a faster recovery of some soleus muscle structural and functional properties. Mitochondrial volume densities and capillary to fiber ratios returned towards baseline values earlier in the recovery process with torbafylline. Furthermore, the drug significantly improved soleus muscle fatigue resistance 4 weeks after cessation of hindlimb suspension.Key words: xanthine, rat muscle contraction, histocytochemistry, mitochondria, capillaries.