Upstream Facilitation

Abstract

This article proposes an “upstream” or preventive orientation to problem-solving group facilitation within organizations. The author recommends three major strategies: (1) facilitators should investigate contextual influences on the group well before the group first meets, (2) facilitators should help install norms that will enhance group problem solving, and (3) facilitators should then manage “breakpoints” in the group's progress. Finally, the researcher describes interventions that focus on the past, present, or future group interaction, depending on the kind of breakpoint encountered.