Papio hamadryas were surveyed at 4 distant locations between Taif and Abha in Saudi Arabia. External appearance and motor patterns are very similar to the samples studied in Ethiopia. The adult sex ratio was higher in the Arabian samples and may explain observations and data indicating a higher degree of female choice in the Arabian samples. The Arabian baboons were less strict in selecting inaccessible cliffs for the night and, at the only site without indirect provisioning by humans, travelled mostly as separate one-male units. These differences suggest effects of the lower predator pressure in Arabia.