Presently, the Caesarian section (c-section) has become widely used in developing countries where it can be a life-saving procedure for mother or baby. However, some considerations must be directed to the costs of this intervention. Maternal mortality is around 1%, maternal morbidity is much higher than after vaginal delivery and neonatal morbidity includes a greater risk of respiratory problems. The procedure seems to be poorly accepted in some populations and in the long-term, it exposes women to an increased risk of uterine rupture during the next pregnancy, together with a higher incidence of infertility. Financial costs are also much higher than those of a vaginal birth. Moreover, in some developing countries, c-section rates seem to be unduly high, compared to the obstetrical results, and this could be due to the role of the physician. In order to reduce these rates, medical training should focus on the use of appropriate obstetric alternatives.